What are DC Motors and L293D?

A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion; a linear motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line.


L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC. Dual H-bridge Motor Driver integrated circuit (IC).[/center]

Why do we need to use po L293D? Thank you po

ma'am what are the examples of motor?

Ma'am how can I use Motor and L23D can you give me a code po?

The Liquid Crystal Library allows you to control LCD displays that are compatible with the Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.

Electric fan is example of dc motor

I have here a circuit of motor and L23D


How did this work?

Ma'am as you can see, a 5V Voltage Regulator is between the battery and pins 1, 9, 16. Pin 8 gets power before the VReg, if your motor needs for example 6V you should put 6V directly in this pin, all the other pins should not get more than 5V and note that pin 8 is feeded by unregulated voltage. This means that if your motors need more than 5V, you should power this pin with that amount of voltage, and the rest of the circuit with 5V.

Examples of DC Motor
- Electric Fan
- CD ROM Drive
-  PS3 cd drive
- CD/ DVD players

We need to use L293D because most microprocessors operate at low voltages and require a small amount of current to operate while the motors require a relatively higher voltages and current . Thus current cannot be supplied to the motors from the microprocessor. This is the primary need for the motor driver IC or L293D.

Some motors are found in our appliances at home those are electric fans and cd/ dvd players

Ma'am I created po a code for that circuit po.

/ Use this code to test your motor with the Arduino board:

// if you need PWM, just use the PWM outputs on the Arduino
// and instead of digitalWrite, you should use the analogWrite command

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Motors
int motor_left[] = {2, 3};
int motor_right[] = {7, 8};

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Setup
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);

// Setup motors
int i;
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++){
pinMode(motor_left[i], OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor_right[i], OUTPUT);
}

}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Loop
void loop() {

drive_forward();
delay(1000);
motor_stop();
Serial.println("1");

drive_backward();
delay(1000);
motor_stop();
Serial.println("2");

turn_left();
delay(1000);
motor_stop();
Serial.println("3");

turn_right();
delay(1000);
motor_stop();
Serial.println("4");

motor_stop();
delay(1000);
motor_stop();
Serial.println("5");
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Drive

void motor_stop(){
digitalWrite(motor_left[0], LOW);
digitalWrite(motor_left[1], LOW);

digitalWrite(motor_right[0], LOW);
digitalWrite(motor_right[1], LOW);
delay(25);
}

void drive_forward(){
digitalWrite(motor_left[0], HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor_left[1], LOW);

digitalWrite(motor_right[0], HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor_right[1], LOW);
}

void drive_backward(){
digitalWrite(motor_left[0], LOW);
digitalWrite(motor_left[1], HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor_right[0], LOW);
digitalWrite(motor_right[1], HIGH);
}

void turn_left(){
digitalWrite(motor_left[0], LOW);
digitalWrite(motor_left[1], HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor_right[0], HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor_right[1], LOW);
}

void turn_right(){
digitalWrite(motor_left[0], HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor_left[1], LOW);

digitalWrite(motor_right[0], LOW);
digitalWrite(motor_right[1], HIGH);
}

Here is the picture of L293D

Ma'am pin configurations of the motor driver

Pin No. Pin Characteristics
1 Enable 1-2, when this is HIGH the left part of the IC will work and when it is low the left part won’t work. So, this is the Master Control pin for the left part of IC
2 INPUT 1, when this pin is HIGH the current will flow though output 1
3 OUTPUT 1, this pin should be connected to one of the terminal of motor
4,5 GND, ground pins
6 OUTPUT 2, this pin should be connected to one of the terminal of motor
7 INPUT 2, when this pin is HIGH the current will flow though output 2
8 VC, this is the voltage which will be supplied to the motor. So, if you are driving 12 V DC motors then make sure that this pin is supplied with 12 V
16 VSS, this is the power source to the IC. So, this pin should be supplied with 5 V
15 INPUT 4, when this pin is HIGH the current will flow though output 4
14 OUTPUT 4, this pin should be connected to one of the terminal of motor
13,12 GND, ground pins
11 OUTPUT 3, this pin should be connected to one of the terminal of motor
10 INPUT 3, when this pin is HIGH the current will flow though output 3
9 Enable 3-4, when this is HIGH the right part of the IC will work and when it is low the right part won’t work. So, this is the Master Control pin for the right part of IC

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.

The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 1 A at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 600-mA nts of up to 600-mA
a

The difference between stepper motor and dc motor is the DC motors are analog motors, we can only send power signals (two wire) to the motor to drive them This means that we can use predictions to figure out where the motor will be located over time within a relative margin of error (3-8%) but we can't know exactly where they may be located while Stepper motors are digital motors, we actually send position signals (four wire) to the motor to drive them. This means that we can know exactly where they are at all times. For this reason even most sophisticated of a moves can be achieved, it also means that 'repeat' motion passes are possible because we can know exactly where the motor is located and have it return to a 'home or start' position precisely.

Ma'am my some examples of DC Motors is what we usually see in our appliances like electric fans po and ung mga cd/dvd player po natin. May mga malalaki din pong DC motors. yun lang ma'am hehehe

Ma'am this is pin configuration of motor driver, L293D
Enable pin 1.
This pin is used to control speed of a motor by connecting it to one of your Arduino's PWM pin.

Input pin 1.
This pin is used to give input to the IC to make the Output pin 1 HIGH or LOW. When make this pin HIGH, your motor will rotate in clock-wise or counter-clock-wise. (based on polarity of your motor.)

Output pin 1.
To this pin, you can connect one of your wire of your 1st motor.

Ground.
To the ground of your power supply for motor. (remember : the ground of power supply of motor must be connected to MCU's ground.)

Output pin 2.
To this pin, you can connect one of your wire of your 1st motor.

Input pin 2.
To give input to the IC to make the Output pin 2 HIGH or LOW.

VDD for motors.
Positive for power supply of motors.

Enable pin 2.
This pin is used to control speed of a motor by connecting it to one of your Arduino's PWM pin.

Input pin 3.
This pin is used to give input to the IC to make the Output pin 3 HIGH or LOW.

Output pin 3.
To this pin, you can connect one of your wire of your 2nd motor.

Ground.
To the ground of your power supply for motor. (Don't forget to connect the ground of
power supply of motor to MCU's ground.)

Output pin 4.
To this pin, you can connect one of your wire of your 2nd motor.

Input pin 4.
This pin is used to give input to the IC to make the Output pin 4 HIGH or LOW.

VDD for IC.
positive power supply for IC.